Silver Conductive Ink

Product information PP Copper Electrolyte from Betzmann Galvanik   Bright shiny copper electroplating - optimal directly on silver conductive lacquer or copper conductive lacquer With our Betzmann Galvanik "PP Copper Bright" you get a strong bright copper coating on metallic or conductive surfaces.   PP Copper Electrolyte - The clear advantages of electroplated copper plating A copper coating effectively protects workpieces made of iron and steel against rust and gives a visually appealing surface due to the typical red luster of the precious metal. Because of its good solderability, electroplated copper plating is ideal for the production of printed circuit boards and circuit boards. Simply use the copper electrolyte together with a graphite or copper anode and you can quickly provide a component with a shiny copper coating yourself. This copper plating solution is great for plating non-conductive materials. It brightly plates and smooths the surface. PP Copper also plates very well on brass and tin. When plating very large areas or building glossy surfaces on matte surfaces, we recommend mixing with PP stabilizer powder to prevent tarnishing.   Properties and Applications: Finishes glossy  Reduces the amount of polishing required for high gloss - saves time and money when finishing precious metals such as silver and gold Leveling Solution If the item to be plated is heavily scratched, you can coat PP Copper extra thick and then polish so you don't have to over polish the item first. Can be used to coat non-conductive surfaces such as wood. PP Copper is recommended for the first coat on conductive copper or silver conductive paint. Can be used for coating metals such as brass and tin. Applies very well to brass and tin. It also serves as a good primer for nickel and gold when plating tin.    Please note that PP stabilizer powder is not required when plating PP Copper with pin and pad plating on metals such as brass and tin. Pen Electroplating: 3 - 6 volt with graphite or copper electrode process.     Features Applications Plates bright Reduces the amount of polishing necessary to produce a high shine – saves you time and money when you want to go on to plate precious metals such as silver and gold Levelling solution If the item you’re plating is heavily scratched you can plate PP Copper extra thick and then polish back, saving you having to polish the item in the first place Can be used to plate non-conductive surfaces. PP Copper is recommended for the first plated layer onto Conductive Ink (hi-grade). When plating onto plastic an other non-conductors, we recommend the addition of PP Stabiliser. Can be used to plate onto metals like brass and pewter. Plates very well onto brass and pewter. It also serves as a good undercoat for nickel and gold when plating onto pewter.Please note that PP Stabiliser Powder is not necessary when plating PP Copper Brush Plating Solution on metals such as brass and pewter. Operating Conditions and Deposit Data Voltage Range 4.0 – 6.0 volts Temperature 14 – 25 °C Copper Concentration >60g/l Electrode Carbon Gold content in plate 100% (balance carbon) Plating Rate at (3.5 volts, Platinum electrode) Approx. 2 microns per minute (spot) Hardness 380 – 385 Hv Density of deposit 8.8 g/cm3 Stress Low stress Notes: We strongly advise against the use of stainless steel anodes for most of our plating processes especially in the case of PP Copper Brush Plating Solution Plating rates are calculated over a sample area which is permanently covered by swab. When plating onto brass or pewter, PP Stabiliser will not be required.

Copper plates:    This accessory is another Real Gold innovation.  It prevents scratches or burn marks caused by the crocodile clip and increases the conductivity on the surface.

Bright copper electrolyte  - copper electrolyte acidic   Acid copper electrolyte for bright coatings. Our Betzmann Galvanik bright copper electrolyte convinces by a high deposition rate and a bright copper layer. Subsequent polishing of the polishable copper layer is not necessary. Further characteristics of electroplated copper from our product range are the good levelling properties as well as an excellent scattering. This also applies to the ductility of the product, making the copper electrolyte primarily suitable for thin coatings and multilayer processes. The bright copper electrolyte has been developed for all electroplating processes from bath plating to pen plating / pad plating. The acidic copper always delivers high quality results regardless of the electroplating process used. Areas of application of electroplated copper Electroplated copper plating is often the basis of corrosion protection systems. Here, the copper layer deposited from the copper electrolyte combined with a nickel or chromium coating forms the basic layer of a durable multilayer protection. In combination with brass, copper serves as a functional intermediate layer. Electroplated copper increases the corrosion resistance of surfaces. galvanic copper plating improves thermal and electrical conductivity. Copper-plated surfaces serve aesthetic purposes and are used as design elements in interior design, but also in exterior applications. Layer build-up in the context of silver plating and gilding of objects. The very good levelling properties of copper electrolyte reduce the polishing costs of metals. Furthermore, it has a very good polishability. Gold and silver plating benefit from the layer structure. In this case, bright copper forms the lowest layer, to which a nickel layer is applied before the final gilding or silvering. The nickel layer serves as a diffusion barrier layer, otherwise the copper would diffuse into the gold and turn reddish. Copper electrolyte for which materials Alkaline copper electrolyte and copper acid are suitable for a variety of different materials. However, please differentiate precisely between acid-sensitive and acid-resistant materials. Acid-resistant materials such as nickel, copper, brass or bronze can be electroplated with copper acidic in the first step. Acid-sensitive materials such as zinc or iron require pretreatment with alkaline copper electrolyte. Only then is galvanic copper plating with bright copper electrolyte in the form of copper acidic possible. Surfaces of aluminum, chrome, zinc, tin or titanium are unsuitable for direct acid copper plating. How to achieve optimum results You use the high-quality bright copper for bath plating and pen plating / pad plating. It provides optimum results in every process, provided that the following parameters are taken into account:     Bath electroplating: 0.3-2V (approx. 0.8-1.2V recommended at 10cm distance). pin electroplating: 1,2-4,5V (approx. 3V recommended) Current density: 0.6-4.2A/dm² (up to 7A/dm² with bath movement) Working temperature: 15-60°C deposition rate: approx.1.5µm/min at 3A/dm² and 20°C ph-value: 1 Use graphite or copper anodes as anodes.   Correct application for high-quality results Prior to electroplating, whether bath or pen plating, clean the workpiece with utmost care, e.g. by thoroughly degreasing it with alcohol. Use disposable gloves to avoid transferring skin grease to the surfaces. Contamination caused by rust must be completely removed. In case of pen plating, make sure that the tampon is always in motion. You can either heat the bright copper to the recommended temperatures or use the electrolytic copper at room temperature. Copper plating should only be carried out in well-ventilated rooms and the vapours and aerosols produced should not be inhaled.   Marking of the mixture: Bright copper electrolyte (contains copper sulfate, sulfuric acid)      Signal word: Danger H-phrases: H290: May be corrosive to metals. H315: Causes skin irritation. H319: Causes severe eye irritation. H411: Toxic to aquatic organisms, with long-term effects. P-phrases: P102: Keep out of the reach of children. P234: Keep only in original container. P280: Wear protective gloves / protective clothing / eye protection. P302 + P352: IF IN SKIN CONTACT: Wash with plenty of water. P305 + P351 + P338: IF IN CONTACT WITH EYES: Rinse gently with water for several minutes. Remove existing contact lenses if possible. Rinse further. P501: Add contents/container to hazardous waste.  

Kupfer Krokoklemme Minus:Immer nur im Einsatz als Minus zu verwenden! Damit kann an verdeckter Stelle angehalten oder dasMinus an verdeckter Stelle an geklippt werden. Rostfrei und langlebig. Die sehr weiche Klemme verhindert Kratzer beim Kontaktieren.     Rust proof and long life Zinc free, these clips represent no possibility of contamination – plus they last up to 200 times longer than plated clips.    

Conductivity Tester:   With this simple tester you can immediately determine whether the surface is conductive, whether there is a fine layer of paint or whether the chrome plating is only vapour-deposited non-conductive chrome. Delivery without batteries! Attention: Design - manufacturer, model and colour vary!